Which type of words are particularly targeted in sight word instruction during the elementary grades?

Sight word instruction in the elementary grades specifically targets high-frequency words because these are the words that children encounter most commonly in written texts. Familiarity with high-frequency words enables students to read more fluently, as they can quickly recognize these words by sight without needing to decode them. This recognition helps build reading confidence and enhances overall comprehension, allowing students to focus on the meaning of the text rather than getting bogged down by less familiar vocabulary.

High-frequency words often include simple, everyday words like "the," "and," "is," "to," and "you," which appear frequently in children's literature and classroom materials. By mastering these words, students can better navigate texts, leading to improved reading skills and a more enjoyable reading experience.

In contrast, low-frequency words tend to appear less frequently in texts and may not be prioritized in initial instruction. Compound words, while important for vocabulary development, do not address the immediate need for fluency with the most encountered words. Abstract nouns may also not be as accessible for early readers who benefit more from concrete vocabulary that is used regularly in their reading materials.