Which of the following does NOT represent a modality of language?

The correct answer identifies singing as a modality that does not represent a form of language in the same way that speaking, listening, and writing do. Speaking, listening, and writing are all modalities that directly engage with the structure and function of spoken and written language, conveying meaning and facilitating communication. They involve understanding symbols, grammar, vocabulary, and syntax.

Singing, while it can involve language and often includes lyrics that are composed with language structures, is primarily an artistic expression that may not always adhere to the same grammatical or communicative standards as traditional language. In a linguistic context, singing may serve more as a form of musical expression rather than a direct modality of language. Hence, while it can be related to language, it does not fit the conventional definitions of language modalities like the other choices do.