Which civilization is recognized for its significant contributions to early writings and learning?

The Sumerian civilization is recognized for its significant contributions to early writings and learning primarily due to their development of cuneiform script, one of the earliest known forms of writing. Around 3500 BCE, the Sumerians began inscribing their language onto clay tablets using a wedge-shaped stylus, which allowed for the recording of language and administrative tasks. This not only facilitated the preservation of information but also played a critical role in the administration, trade, and culture of the time.

In addition to their writing system, the Sumerians made advancements in mathematics and astronomy, which were essential in laying the groundwork for future civilizations. Their educational practices included the establishment of schools known as "edubbas," where scribes were trained, showing the value they placed on literacy and knowledge. The integrated use of writing, mathematics, and education in Sumerian society highlights their pioneering role in the development of early intellectual traditions, making them a foundational civilization in the history of human learning.