Which civilization is noted for the development of democracy around 500 BC?

The Greek civilization, particularly in the city-state of Athens, is renowned for developing democracy around 500 BC. This period saw significant political innovation where citizens participated in decision-making through assemblies, which was groundbreaking for its time. Athenian democracy allowed a portion of the population—free males who were citizens—to have a direct say in the governance of their city, contrasting with earlier systems governed by monarchs or oligarchs.

In this context, democracy in Athens included mechanisms such as the assembly (where citizens gathered to discuss laws and policies) and the use of sortition for selecting officials, which was intended to prevent power from being monopolized by a wealthy elite. This foundational concept of citizen participation has influenced democratic systems worldwide and underscores the importance of civic engagement, representation, and the rule of law that can be traced back to ancient Greece.