Which ancient civilization arose in the Indus Valley between 2500 and 1500 BC?

The ancient civilization that arose in the Indus Valley between 2500 and 1500 BC is Mohenjo-Daro. This city, along with Harappa, is one of the most significant archaeological sites of the Indus Valley Civilization, known for its advanced urban planning, architecture, and social organization. The cities featured sophisticated drainage systems, standardized baked brick construction, and a grid pattern of streets, indicating a high level of governmental organization and urban design.

Mohenjo-Daro serves as a testament to the technological and cultural achievements of the people living in the Indus Valley during this period, making it a crucial point of study for understanding early human societies. The discovery of seals, weights, and a script that remains undeciphered reflects the civilization's complexity and suggests it engaged in trade both within its region and with neighboring areas. In summary, Mohenjo-Daro is representative of the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished during the specified time frame and distinguished itself from other ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, like Sumer, Akkad, and Babylon.