What national reform movement emerged at the turn of the century focusing on issues like women's suffrage and temperance?

The national reform movement that emerged at the turn of the century, focusing on issues like women's suffrage and temperance, is Progressivism. This movement sought to address various social, political, and economic challenges that arose during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Progressives believed in using government action to improve society, advocating for reforms that included women's rights, labor rights, and the regulation of big businesses.

Women's suffrage was a central issue within Progressivism, as activists aimed to secure the right to vote for women, which they achieved with the passage of the 19th Amendment in 1920. The temperance movement was also integral to Progressivism, promoting the reduction or elimination of alcohol consumption, leading to the eventual passage of the 18th Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages.

In contrast, Reconstruction refers to the period following the Civil War focused on rebuilding the nation and addressing the status of formerly enslaved people. The New Deal, implemented in response to the Great Depression in the 1930s, aimed to provide economic relief and recovery rather than focusing on the specific social reforms characteristic of Progressivism. Manifest Destiny was the 19th-century doctrine or belief